Type VII U-boats were the most common type of German World War II U-boat. The Type VII was based on earlier German submarine designs going back to the World War I Type UB III, designed through the Dutch dummy company Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw den Haag
(I.v.S) which was set up by Germany after World War I in order to
maintain and develop German submarine technology and to circumvent the
limitations set by the Treaty of Versailles, and was built by shipyards around the world. The Finnish Vetehinen class and Spanish Type E-1 also provided some of the basis for the Type VII design. These designs led to the Type VII along with Type I, the latter being built in AG Weser shipyard in Bremen,
Germany. The production of Type I was cut down only after two boats;
the reasons for this are not certain and range from political decisions
to faults of the type. The design of the Type I was further used in the
development of the Type VII and Type IX.
Type VII submarines were the most widely used U-boats of the war and
were the most produced submarine class in history, with 703 built. The type had several modifications.
The VIIA had limited fuel capacity, so 24 Type VIIB boats were built
between 1936 and 1940 with an additional 33 tons of fuel in external
saddle tanks which added another 2,500 nautical miles (4,600 km) of
range at 10 knots (19 km/h) surfaced.
They were slightly faster than the VIIA, and had two rudders for
greater agility. The torpedo armament was improved by moving the aft
tube to the inside of the boat. Now an additional aft torpedo could be
carried below the deck plating of the aft torpedo room (which also
served as the electric motor room) and two watertight compartments under
the upper deck could hold two additional torpedoes giving it a total of
14 torpedoes. The only exception was U-83, which lacked a stern tube and carried only 12 torpedoes.
Type VIIBs included many of the most famous U-boats of World War II, including U-48 (the most successful), Prien's U-47, Kretschmer's U-99, and Schepke's U-100.
On the surface the boat was powered by two supercharged MAN, 6 cylinder, 4-stroke M6V 40/46 diesels (except for U-45 to U-50, U-83, U-85, U-87, U-99, U-100, and U-102
which were powered by two supercharged Germaniawerft 6-cylinder,
4-stroke F46 diesels) giving a total of 2,800 to 3,200 bhp (2,400 kW) at
470 to 490 rpm. When submerged, the boat was powered by two AEG GU
460/8-276 (except in U-45, U-46, U-49, U-51, U-52, U-54, U-73 to U-76, U-99 and U-100 which retained the BBC motor of the VIIA) electric motors giving a total of 750 shp (560 kW) at 295 rpm.
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I attach great importance to the statement that the symbols of the Nazi period ( Swastikas ) serve
only a faithful reproduction of the models. A political attitude can
and should not be derived from it. The generally applicable laws and
regulations, which allow an exhibition of Nazi symbols, will therefore
be satisfied.
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